Strengthening Bilateral Relations
Japan and Saudi Arabia have been deepening their partnership as they approach the 70th anniversary of diplomatic ties in 2025. Recently, Japan’s Parliamentary Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, Matsumoto Hisashi, visited Riyadh to bolster this relationship. His visit aimed to explore collaboration under Saudi Arabia’s ambitious “Vision 2030” plan, a blueprint for diversifying the Saudi economy and reducing reliance on oil.
During the visit, Hisashi also engaged in discussions about joint initiatives, including the upcoming 20th Asian Games in Nagoya in 2026. The focus was on fostering mutual understanding and promoting economic and cultural exchange. However, as Japan strengthens ties with Riyadh, it faces scrutiny over the Kingdom’s human rights record, particularly concerning labor practices.
Saudi Arabia’s Soft Power Push
Saudi Arabia has been leveraging “soft power” to transform its global image. It has invested billions in high-profile sporting events, including football, Formula One, and golf. The Kingdom recently secured hosting rights for the 2034 FIFA World Cup, highlighting its growing influence on the world stage.
This strategy has been part of a broader effort to attract foreign investment and diversify its economy. However, critics argue that such efforts often overshadow serious human rights violations, including the mistreatment of migrant workers under the Kafala sponsorship system. Reports of unsafe labor conditions and high fatality rates among workers have drawn global criticism.
Japan’s Role and Challenges
Japan has been a key partner in Saudi Arabia’s modernisation journey through the “Saudi-Japan Vision 2030” framework. This partnership aims to enhance economic cooperation across sectors such as technology, energy, and cultural exchange. Despite these positive developments, Japan’s approach to addressing human rights issues in Saudi Arabia has been underwhelming.
During Saudi Arabia’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR) by the United Nations, Japan refrained from making specific recommendations about improving labor laws for migrant workers. This lack of engagement has raised questions about Japan’s commitment to human rights, especially given its historical efforts to promote these values globally.
The Human Rights Dilemma
As Japan strengthens its ties with Riyadh, it must navigate the delicate balance between economic interests and ethical responsibilities. Saudi Arabia’s labor practices and human rights record remain contentious issues. While countries like Bangladesh and Nepal have pushed for stronger labor protections, Japan’s muted response signals a reluctance to confront these concerns directly.
Human rights organizations have urged Japan to use its influence to advocate for better treatment of workers. However, Tokyo’s silence on these issues risks undermining its reputation as a global advocate for human rights and justice.
Soft Power Opportunities for Japan
Japan’s soft power, rooted in cultural diplomacy and its reputation for human rights advocacy, provides a unique opportunity to lead by example. The country has successfully exported its cultural values through art, technology, and popular media, building a positive global image.
By incorporating human rights into its discussions with Saudi Arabia, Japan could strengthen its moral leadership. Promoting fair labor practices and ethical business standards would not only align with Japan’s values but also enhance its standing on the international stage.
A Critical Test for Japan
The growing partnership between Japan and Saudi Arabia presents both opportunities and challenges. While economic collaboration under “Vision 2030” offers mutual benefits, Japan’s approach to human rights issues will be closely watched. The upcoming 70th-anniversary celebrations and associated events provide an ideal platform for Japan to advocate for meaningful change.
Japan must find a way to balance its economic interests with its ethical obligations. By addressing labor rights concerns and promoting fair practices, Japan can demonstrate its commitment to universal values while fostering a stronger, more equitable partnership with Saudi Arabia.
Leading by Example
As Saudi Arabia redefines its global image through sports and modernisation, Japan faces a critical test of its principles. The partnership with Riyadh offers Japan an opportunity to lead by example, championing human rights while pursuing economic collaboration. Whether Tokyo can navigate this complex relationship without compromising its values will determine its role as a global leader in diplomacy and ethics.
