China and Myanmar’s Junta Join Hands to Form Security Firm
China has partnered with Myanmar’s military junta to create a joint security firm. The collaboration aims to protect Chinese investments and workers in Myanmar. This decision reflects China’s growing concerns over the safety of its projects in the conflict-ridden country.
China-Myanmar Economic Corridor: A Vital Link
The China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) is a critical part of China’s global Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It connects China’s Yunnan province to Myanmar’s Kyaukpyu Port on the Indian Ocean. This corridor includes roads, railways, pipelines, and economic zones.
The route helps China avoid the Malacca Strait, a chokepoint for energy and trade supplies during conflicts. However, many CMEC projects pass through Myanmar’s most dangerous areas. The ongoing civil war in Myanmar has made these projects vulnerable to attacks.
Growing Threats to Chinese Projects
Since Myanmar’s civil war escalated in 2021, Chinese investments have faced serious threats. Pro-democracy opposition groups, such as the People’s Defense Forces, have targeted key projects. For example, the $800 million Tagaung Taung nickel processing plant was attacked in 2022. Recently, a bombing damaged the Chinese consulate in Mandalay. While no group claimed responsibility, it highlighted the risks Chinese assets face.
A Controversial Joint Security Initiative
In October 2024, Myanmar’s junta announced plans to form a joint security company with China. The initiative is framed as a private venture to avoid accusations of violating Myanmar’s sovereignty. Myanmar’s constitution prohibits foreign troops on its soil, making the “private” label a way to sidestep legal issues.
The company will likely focus on guarding Chinese infrastructure, facilitating arms shipments to the junta, and securing personnel. However, critics argue this arrangement might give the company a militarized role, potentially involving combat activities.
China’s Waning Confidence in the Junta
China’s decision to create the security firm signals reduced confidence in the junta’s ability to protect Chinese interests. Myanmar’s military has lost significant territory to pro-democracy forces. Key areas like Lashio, a strategic hub along the CMEC route, are now under rebel control. Lashio’s capture disrupted trade and investment flows, further alarming Beijing.
In a bold move, Chinese authorities placed Peng Daxun, commander of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, under house arrest. This action shows China stepping in where it believes the junta has failed, revealing its growing involvement in Myanmar’s internal conflict.
Private Security Companies: China’s Global Strategy
China uses private security companies (PSCs) to protect its overseas projects. These firms, such as De Wei Security Group and China Overseas Security Group, operate worldwide. Unlike Russia’s Wagner Group, which takes on combat roles, Chinese PSCs focus on guarding infrastructure, managing risks, and providing logistical support.
However, the joint security company in Myanmar introduces a new dynamic. Being partially controlled by the junta, it may face fewer restrictions and adopt a more militarized approach. Some fear it could actively support the junta’s fight against pro-democracy forces, a departure from China’s typical non-combat stance.
Lessons from Similar Projects in Pakistan
China’s joint security strategy isn’t limited to Myanmar. A similar approach is underway in Pakistan, where attacks on Chinese workers and projects have shaken confidence in local security. These efforts show China’s growing reliance on joint ventures to secure its investments in volatile regions.
Criticism from Myanmar’s Opposition
Myanmar’s National Unity Government (NUG), representing pro-democracy forces, has criticized the joint security company. The NUG has urged China to work with opposition groups to protect investments. It emphasized its commitment to maintaining trade and friendly relations with China, even if Myanmar transitions to democracy.
Despite these assurances, Beijing remains committed to supporting the junta. The joint security firm is seen as a way to stabilize the junta’s rule and secure China’s economic interests.
A Risky Gamble for Beijing
China’s involvement in Myanmar reflects its high stakes in the region. While the joint security company may provide short-term protection, it risks deepening Beijing’s entanglement in Myanmar’s conflict. The move could damage China’s reputation as a neutral power and draw criticism for backing an unpopular regime.
For now, China is betting on the junta’s survival. However, its long-term strategy will depend on how the civil war evolves and whether the junta can regain control. As the situation unfolds, Beijing must balance its economic goals with the risks of becoming further embroiled in Myanmar’s turmoil.