Recent satellite images have exposed what many had long suspected: China is building a naval base in Cambodia. The Ream Naval Base, once a relatively small facility, is now being expanded to host Chinese warships, marking a significant move by Beijing. This development could shift the balance of power in Southeast Asia and beyond. But why is China doing this, and what does it mean for the region?
China’s Strategic Expansion in Cambodia
Infrastructure is not the only reason China is present at the Ream Naval Base. It’s a bold strategic move. By establishing a military foothold in Cambodia, China secures access to one of the most critical maritime regions in the world. The base is located near the Malacca Strait, through which 70% of China’s energy imports pass. Controlling this area allows China to protect its economic interests and project power over vital sea routes.
China has long been investing in Cambodia, not just in military matters but also in trade, infrastructure, and development. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has poured billions of dollars into Cambodian projects, strengthening ties between the two nations. Over the past two decades, their relationship has evolved into what both countries describe as an “ironclad friendship.”
A Growing Economic Dependence
While Cambodia has benefited from China’s financial support, this relationship comes at a cost. China has invested over $15 billion in Cambodia, focusing mainly on transport and energy projects. In 2023, trade between the two nations reached $10 billion, but the majority of that came from Chinese exports, highlighting an economic imbalance.
For Cambodia’s leadership, Chinese aid has been crucial in maintaining political stability. However, as Cambodia becomes more dependent on China, it risks losing the ability to navigate its own foreign policy independently. This growing reliance on Beijing has raised concerns in both Cambodia and the international community.
Military Implications of the Ream Naval Base
The expansion of the Ream Naval Base has deep military implications. With a new 363-meter pier capable of accommodating China’s largest naval vessels, the base allows the Chinese military to project power into key areas like the Gulf of Thailand, the South China Sea, and even the Indian Ocean.
China’s strategy often involves building dual-use infrastructure that serves both civilian and military purposes. The Ream base is a clear example of this. Despite denials from both countries, the evidence suggests that China is using the base to expand its military reach in Southeast Asia.
The U.S. Response and Regional Concerns
Concerns over China’s increasing influence in Cambodia have been expressed by the US loudly. In 2019, reports surfaced that Cambodia had signed a secret deal granting China exclusive access to the Ream base, sparking alarm in Washington. By late 2023, Chinese warships were seen at the base, confirming these fears.
For the U.S., China’s military expansion in Cambodia is a direct threat to its influence in the region. The U.S. worries that China could use the base to control vital maritime routes and challenge American allies in Southeast Asia. In response, the U.S. has increased its diplomatic efforts in the region, hoping to counter China’s growing influence.
Cambodia’s Balancing Act
Cambodia, under Prime Minister Hun Manet, faces a difficult balancing act. While the country relies on Chinese aid for economic stability, it has also sought to diversify its foreign policy. Cambodia has been reaching out to the U.S., Japan, and South Korea, trying to avoid becoming too dependent on China.
Despite its strong ties with Beijing, Cambodia recently welcomed U.S. officials, signaling a desire to maintain some level of independence. However, the growing Chinese presence at the Ream base complicates this effort.
Global Implications of China’s Military Base
The Ream Naval Base is part of a larger Chinese strategy to build a network of overseas military bases. This is China’s second overseas outpost, following its base in Djibouti. These bases help secure China’s economic interests and increase its military reach across the globe.
For Cambodia, the benefits of Chinese aid come with risks. As the country becomes more dependent on Beijing, its ability to pursue an independent foreign policy may be undermined. This could limit Cambodia’s options as it navigates the complex power dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region.
A Shift in Regional Power
China’s naval base in Cambodia marks a significant step in its long-term strategic goals. By establishing a foothold near the Malacca Strait, China is strengthening its position in Southeast Asia and challenging the U.S.-led security structure in the region.
The future of the Ream Naval Base will have far-reaching implications, not only for Cambodia but also for the balance of power in Southeast Asia. As China expands its military presence, the question remains: How will the U.S. and its allies respond to this growing threat?